How to grow Hawthorn
Hawthorn is one of the slower hedgerow species to raise from seed. The stones need a long spell of warmth followed by cold, around eighteen months outdoors, before they’ll germinate, so this one calls for patience more than skill; keep the pot moist and simply let time do the work.
At a glance
- Scientific name
- Crataegus monogyna
- Family
- Rose (Rosaceae)
- Can seed be stored
- Yes, dries and stores
- Type of dormancy
- Moderate dormancy
- Pretreatment
- Outdoor sand plunge, 18 months
Quick links
Seasonal calendar
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
- a Collect: Berries from beginning of October
- b Store: Nominal - page's own Treat model retained
- c Treat: 18-month treatment begins
- d Treat: Full second year
- e Treat: Second winter completes
- f Sow: Worked example: collect Oct 2023 - Feb 2025
- g Grow: Grown on until November, traditionally the start of the lifting and planting season, though this window has been shifting and shortening with a changing climate.
| Stage | Year | Month range | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collect | Year 1 | October to October | Berries from beginning of October |
| Store | Year 1 | October to October | Nominal - page's own Treat model retained |
| Treat | Year 1 | October to December | 18-month treatment begins |
| Treat | Year 2 | January to December | Full second year |
| Treat | Year 3 | January to February | Second winter completes |
| Sow | Year 3 | February to February | Worked example: collect Oct 2023 - Feb 2025 |
| Grow | Year 3 | February to November | Grown on until November, traditionally the start of the lifting and planting season, though this window has been shifting and shortening with a changing climate. |
Picking
The scarlet berries should be picked from the beginning of October onwards. If you pick them too early, you risk the seeds being immature. Collect the bunches directly from the tree by gripping the branch below the bunch and pulling. In this way, no damage is caused to the parts of the tree that will continue to grow. A large number of berries can be collected in a short time.
Extraction and storage
Hawthorn is one of the easiest of the berry fruits to extract seed from. You need a bucket or two, a flat-bottomed pole (for example, an old sawn-off spade handle), a sieve or colander and access to a hosepipe or water supply. The berries are mashed, and the waste and seed separated through the sieve. For a more complete description click here.
Pretreatment
The extracted seed should be mixed with equal parts horticultural sand or a sand/compost mixture (for these seeds the addition of compost to the mixture can help break dormancy). Use 50% leafmould or peat-free compost and 50% horticultural sand. For each handful of seeds add two or three handfuls of mixture. Select a pot that has enough room for this seed/sand mixture (and a bit more) and put a layer of stones in the bottom. Cover the stones with sand. Place the seed/sand mixture on top of this and cover this with 2-3cm sand. Label the pot and stand in a shady spot outdoors.
The pot needs to remain outside for eighteen months. This is where patience is required! Water the pots if they show signs of drying out and protect from birds and mice if they discover your seeds. We will be sowing the seeds the second spring following collection – hawthorn seed is deeply dormant and needs this long before it will grow.
Sowing
In early February of the second year after collection (for example, February 2025 if you collect your seeds in October 2023) check for signs of germination. If about 10% are showing signs of germination, they are ready to sow.
In a 1-litre pot sow three seeds and cover with no more than 10mm of compost or grit. Firm gently and water.
On a seedbed broadcast the seed quite densely – aim for about 5mm between seeds. Firm with a roller or board to press the seed well into the soil. Cover with 5-10mm of grit.
Growing
Don’t forget to remove the weaker seedlings to leave the strongest when you are growing in a container.
The only problem you may find when growing hawthorn is mildew. Good hygiene can reduce the risk – don’t touch your plants when they are wet and don’t water the foliage too late in the day. Both these measures can help prevent infection. If mildew does appear, treat quickly with a fungicide, preferably organic.
This aside, hawthorn can grow quickly and should be ready after either the first or second year for planting out.
Hawthorn are not particularly demanding to grow, but ensure that they are kept moist at all times.
Planting your new tree(s)
When your Hawthorn is tall enough, it can be planted into its new home. Prepare the site well by clearing away any weeds or grass and make a hole big enough to accommodate the root ball. Plant carefully in the hole, to the same depth as it was in the pot or ground, and firm back the soil. More tree planting details here.
